---
title: Fusion Designs for Indirect Treatment Effects.
description: >-
  Explore this publication on real-world evidence: Fusion Designs for Indirect
  Treatment Effects..
date: '2022-01-01'
category: Publications
tags:
  - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  - Alexander Breskin
  - Approval & Commercialization
  - 'Yes'
  - Oral Presentation
  - R&D
canonical_url: >-
  https://www.headwaterscience.com/resources/publications/acad-university-of-north-carolina-at-chapel-hill/fusion-designs-for-indirect-treatment-effects/
source: Headwater
license: © 2026 Headwater. All rights reserved.
slug: fusion-designs-for-indirect-treatment-effects
id: kUSVmMVnZHW4JfNOV2lcF
contentType: article
---

## Challenge

Fusion study designs that combine data from multiple sources to estimate indirect treatment effects lacked a formal estimator and identification framework, limiting their application to complex drug development questions.

## Solution

Target RWE researchers developed and presented a formal estimator for indirect treatment effects using fusion designs, extending the fusion framework to handle treatment comparisons across multiple studies with shared arms.