Comparing causal estimands from a sequential nested trial emulation with a treatment decision design to a conventional single point randomized trial: A simulation study.

Challenge

Sequential nested trial emulation and treatment decision designs address dynamic treatment questions differently, but no direct comparison of the causal estimands they target had been conducted.

Solution

Target RWE researchers presented a formal comparison of causal estimands from sequential nested trial emulation versus treatment decision designs, clarifying when each design's estimand aligns with different regulatory and clinical decision-making objectives.